Category: Space

Explore the vastness beyond our planet. This section covers missions, discoveries, and events that expand our reach into the cosmos. From new rocket launches to deep-space observations, “Space” keeps you updated on humanity’s steps into the unknown.

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Magnets Could Revolutionize Space Water Electrolysis, New Study Shows

German researchers have found a way to make water electrolysis far more efficient in space by using magnets instead of heavy machinery. The experiments, carried out at the Bremen Drop Tower, showed that simple magnetic fields can move gas bubbles away from electrodes in microgravity, boosting oxygen and hydrogen production without pumps or centrifuges.
On Earth, gravity pulls bubbles off the electrodes during electrolysis, keeping the process efficient. In orbit, bubbles cling to the electrodes, blocking reactions and slowing production. Current systems on the International Space Station (ISS) use complex pumps and centrifuges to separate the gases, but these consume a lot of power and raise the risk of breakdowns.
The research team tested their idea by running electrolysis in free-fall conditions that mimic space. They used platinum and iridium oxide electrodes with acidic electrolytes. Without magnets, current densities fell sharply as bubbles piled up. With a neodymium magnet nearby, hydrogen output jumped by up to 240% because bubbles detached more easily.
“One may think that extracting gas bubbles from liquids in space is as simple as opening a can of soda here on Earth. However, the lack of buoyancy makes the extraction process incredibly difficult, undermining the design and operation of oxygen production systems,” said Álvaro Romero-Calvo, an assistant professor at Georgia Tech, in a statement.
The effect comes from two magnetic forces. The Lorentz force, which results when electric currents cross magnetic fields, stirs the liquid and sweeps bubbles clear. The magnetic polarization force, which acts on the weak magnetic properties of the electrolyte, pushes bubbles toward the magnet. At low currents, the polarization effect dominates, while at higher currents, Lorentz-driven vortices take over.
To test real-world use, the researchers built a proton-exchange membrane (PEM) cell with platinum meshes and magnets on each side. In simulated microgravity, it produced gas at nearly the same efficiency as on Earth. Video footage showed bubbles detaching smoothly and collecting near the magnets, removing the need for pumps or moving parts.
They also built a cylindrical design where the Lorentz force spins the electrolyte into a vortex. Gas bubbles naturally drifted to the center and escaped, while the liquid stayed along the walls. The setup required only 0.1 milliwatts of extra power, far less than the electrolysis itself.
If proven in long-term tests, the approach could transform life-support systems for future missions to the Moon or Mars. Lighter, simpler equipment would save mass and power while reducing the risk of failure in deep space. The Bremen Drop Tower only provides nine seconds of weightlessness, but the results matched theoretical predictions. The team now aims to test the system during parabolic flights or on the ISS.
For astronauts, reliable oxygen generation is non-negotiable. Magnets may offer a direct way to keep supplies flowing without the mechanical complexity that current systems demand.
Source: Magnetically induced convection enhances water electrolysis in microgravity
September 2, 2025
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Astronomers Find Saturn-Sized Planet Orbiting Tiny Red Dwarf Star, Defying Formation Models

Astronomers have discovered a giant planet circling a star only one-fifth the mass of our Sun, raising new questions about how such worlds form. The planet, named TOI-6894 b, is about the size of Saturn but only half its mass, making it unusually light and puffy. It orbits its small red dwarf host star every 3.37 days.
The discovery, confirmed by space- and ground-based telescopes, adds to a short list of giant planets found around low-mass stars. Standard theories say these stars should not have enough material in their disks to build planets this large, making TOI-6894 b a challenge to explain.
NASA’s Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) first spotted signs of the planet when it dimmed its star’s light during transit. Ground-based telescopes, including SPECULOOS and ExTrA, confirmed the repeated dips and ruled out false positives from nearby stars.
To measure the planet’s mass, astronomers used precise spectrographs such as ESPRESSO in Chile and SPIRou in Canada. By tracking the star’s wobble, they determined TOI-6894 b has only 0.17 times Jupiter’s mass despite a radius of 0.86 Jupiter radii.
Models suggest TOI-6894 b contains about 12 Earth masses of heavy elements, more than expected for a planet around such a small star. Its temperature, roughly 418 Kelvin (about 145°C), makes it cooler than hot Jupiters but still warm enough for an atmosphere rich in methane.
This places it between the giant planets of our solar system and the very hot exoplanets seen around larger stars. Astronomers say studying its atmosphere could reveal how it formed and evolved.
Current models of planet formation predict that red dwarfs lack the disk material needed to build massive planets before the gas disappears. The existence of TOI-6894 b suggests either more efficient core growth or alternative processes like disk instability, where parts of the disk collapse directly under gravity.
The discovery follows a similar case, LHS 3154 b, another giant planet around a mid-sized red dwarf. These rare finds indicate that planet formation around small stars may be more varied than expected.
Astronomers also checked for other possible explanations. High-resolution imaging showed no hidden stellar companions. Archival photos confirmed no background star was affecting the light. The planet’s transits looked the same in different colors, confirming it was not an eclipsing binary system.
Measurements showed the orbit is nearly circular, with an eccentricity under 0.1, meaning the planet’s path around its star is stable.
Surveys show giant planets are extremely rare around mid-sized red dwarfs, with fewer than 1% hosting them. TOI-6894 b forces scientists to reconsider how much material these stars can gather during their early years.
One idea is that the disks around such stars might be dustier than thought, or that small pebble-sized particles play a bigger role than expected in building planet cores.
The planet’s deep transits (blocking about 17% of its star’s light) make it an excellent target for detailed study. The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) could reveal methane, metals, and clouds in a single observation. Ground-based observatories may also probe its atmosphere and weather.
By studying TOI-6894 b, astronomers hope to better understand how giant planets form around stars once thought too small to host them.
Source: A transiting giant planet in orbit around a 0.2-solar-mass host star
September 2, 2025
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NASA Seeks Public Help to Track Artemis II Moon Mission With Ground Antennas

NASA has invited the public to help track its upcoming Artemis II mission by receiving radio signals from the Orion spacecraft as it travels around the Moon. The call, announced this week, asks volunteers with suitable antennas to provide passive data during the flight, which is scheduled to launch no earlier than April 2026. Responses are due by October 27, 2025.
The space agency’s goal is to expand beyond its own networks by using data from commercial and private operators. Instead of sending signals, participants will only need to record Orion’s transmissions. By studying changes in frequency, known as Doppler shifts, they can estimate the spacecraft’s speed and position. NASA will combine this with its own data to improve tracking coverage.
Artemis II will be the first crewed flight of the Artemis program. Four astronauts will ride aboard Orion for about ten days, following a free-return path that loops around the Moon and brings them safely back to Earth without extra engine burns if needed. The mission will test life support, navigation, and other systems before longer trips are attempted.
Commander Reid Wiseman leads the crew. Pilot Victor Glover, who flew on SpaceX’s Crew-1 mission, will be the first Black astronaut to travel beyond low Earth orbit. Christina Koch, who set the record for the longest spaceflight by a woman, and Canadian astronaut Jeremy Hansen will also fly. This marks the first time an international partner joins an Artemis crew.
Passive tracking was first tested during Artemis I in 2022, when ten groups ranging from national agencies to amateur radio teams monitored Orion. That trial showed how outside contributions could serve as useful backups to NASA’s Deep Space Network, which normally handles deep-space missions from stations in California, Spain, and Australia.
Artemis I flew Orion 40,000 miles past the Moon before returning to Earth at nearly 25,000 miles per hour, proving the spacecraft’s heat shield and systems worked as expected. Data gathered by outside groups showed that non-NASA systems can successfully follow spacecraft through space, even during critical phases.
NASA officials say repeating this effort with Artemis II will help build long-term partnerships with commercial services as the agency prepares for permanent bases on the Moon and eventual crewed flights to Mars. Kevin Coggins, who oversees NASA’s space communications, said volunteer contributions allow the agency to test new approaches while managing growing traffic in orbit.
With thousands of satellites already circling Earth and more planned for the coming years, NASA says reliable tracking will be essential for safety. By inviting the public to contribute, the Artemis program blends professional operations with outside support, giving more people a direct role in the future of spaceflight.
Read full information about this opportunity here.
September 2, 2025
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Could Humans Have Babies in Space? A New Study Suggests Frozen Sperm Cells Might Make It Possible

Mouse stem cells kept frozen for six months aboard the International Space Station (ISS) have produced healthy offspring after being returned to Earth, according to a new study. The research, carried out by Japanese scientists, tested whether space radiation and microgravity would damage the genetic material that creates sperm, a question that matters for future long-duration missions beyond Earth orbit.
The team focused on spermatogonial stem cells, the type that develops into sperm. They froze and stored some samples in space at about -80°C, while keeping others on Earth as a control. The orbiting cells faced additional exposure to cosmic radiation, roughly 0.31 milligray per day. After the mission, researchers thawed the samples and examined them for DNA breaks and growth defects.
Surprisingly, the frozen space samples showed no greater DNA damage than the ones stored on Earth. Tests suggested that freezing itself acted as a shield, reducing harmful chemical reactions that radiation normally triggers. When the researchers exposed thawed and frozen cells to radiation in the lab, frozen ones consistently resisted damage better.
Both the space and ground cells grew normally once thawed. They divided at the same pace, formed healthy clusters, and showed no unusual genetic activity. To test their function, scientists transplanted the cells into infertile mice. The cells successfully settled in, produced sperm, and supported natural reproduction.
The most direct test came when offspring were born. Mice fathered with sperm derived from space-stored stem cells were healthy, carried normal gene patterns, and developed without abnormalities. Over five months, their litter sizes and birth intervals matched those from Earth-based cells. Checks of the pups’ DNA and liver genes confirmed no defects.
The study is an early step in understanding how cosmic radiation affects reproductive biology. On the ISS, shielding protects astronauts, but missions to Mars would involve higher doses. The findings suggest that freezing reproductive cells may preserve fertility during long journeys.
Earlier studies showed that embryos and other stem cells suffer more damage in orbit, but spermatogonial stem cells appear unusually resilient. Researchers think their DNA repair systems activate after thawing, allowing them to correct damage.
Still, the six-month experiment is limited. Frozen cells cannot repair themselves during storage, so damage could accumulate over longer periods. The team plans to study whether offspring from space-exposed cells remain healthy later in life and whether the next generation inherits any changes.
For humans, this could mean that storing frozen reproductive cells before deep space travel might help protect fertility. But the researchers caution that results from mice cannot be directly applied to people without more evidence. The work links space science and biology in a practical way: ensuring that life can continue beyond Earth, even in the harshest environments.
The study was published in the journal Stem Cell Reports.
August 31, 2025
Courtney John's design of 'Past, Present, and Future' Plush toys.
Welsh Artist’s Plush Toy Could Fly on NASA’s Artemis II Lunar Mission as Zero-Gravity Indicator

A young artist from Wales could soon see her creation float around the Moon. Courtney John, a 27-year-old graphic designer from Llanelli, is one of 25 finalists in a NASA contest that could place her toy aboard the Artemis II mission in April 2026. The plush figure, titled “Past, Present, and Future,” is intended to help astronauts spot true weightlessness during the spacecraft’s orbit around the Moon.
John’s toy consists of three linked human-like figures, each representing a different era of space travel. The first figure wears a suit modeled after Apollo 17, the last moon landing in 1972. The second dons a modern Artemis mission suit, reflecting current lunar exploration.
The third is a globe-headed figure, carrying handwritten notes from the Artemis II crew, symbolizing future missions. The toy is designed to float in microgravity, allowing astronauts to see when the spacecraft is in freefall around the Moon.
NASA has used plush toys as zero-gravity indicators before, including a Snoopy doll on Artemis I in 2022. These toys are ideal because they are lightweight, safe, and unlikely to damage equipment if they drift inside the spacecraft. Zero-gravity indicators play an important role in helping astronauts observe when they are truly weightless, which occurs when the pull of gravity is balanced by the spacecraft’s orbital speed.
Artemis II will carry four astronauts on a 10-day journey around the Moon, testing the Orion spacecraft for crewed lunar missions. The crew includes commander Reid Wiseman, pilot Victor Glover, mission specialist Christina Koch, and Canadian astronaut Jeremy Hansen.
Glover will become the first Black astronaut to leave low-Earth orbit, while Koch will be the first woman on a lunar mission. The flight was delayed from late 2025 due to upgrades on Orion’s heat shield and other systems.
The Artemis program aims to establish a long-term human presence on the Moon, with planned bases near the south pole. These bases could access water ice hidden in craters, which can be used for drinking water or split into rocket fuel, reducing the cost of future missions to Mars.
Artemis III, scheduled for 2027, will land the first woman and a person of color on the lunar surface. Microgravity brings unique challenges, including floating fluids, weakened muscles, and difficulty handling objects, making zero-gravity indicators crucial for daily operations and experiments.
John, who has long been fascinated by space, entered the contest run by Freelancer to design a toy that captures the spirit of exploration and unity. Being selected would allow her design to be built into a flight-ready toy for Artemis II, linking generations of astronauts and space enthusiasts through a single, floating figure.
August 30, 2025
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NASA Funds $300,000 Project to Grow Mushrooms as Space Food for Astronauts

NASA has awarded a $300,000 grant to Louisiana Tech University scientist Dr. Joshua Vandenbrink to test whether oyster mushrooms can be grown in space. The two-year study will examine if fungi can turn waste such as old clothing and plant scraps into nutritious food for astronauts on long-duration missions.
The project focuses on Pleurotus ostreatus, also known as white oyster mushrooms. They are quick to grow, require little room, and can thrive on organic waste instead of soil. This makes them a strong candidate for space farming, where resources are limited and waste recycling is essential.
Vandenbrink and his team will simulate space-like conditions on Earth by adjusting humidity, lighting, and air quality. The goal is to find the best way to grow mushrooms in microgravity before attempting real tests in orbit. The research will support one graduate student and four undergraduates, who will share results at the American Society for Gravitational and Space Research conference.
Oyster mushrooms are known for their fast growth, often doubling in size daily. They also contain protein, fiber, B vitamins, selenium, and copper. When exposed to light, they produce vitamin D, which could help astronauts who lack direct sunlight. In addition to providing food, these fungi can help recycle waste and even break down pollutants such as petroleum.
While fungi have potential advantages, they also pose risks in space. Mushroom spores spread easily, which could cause allergies or equipment damage inside a spacecraft. Vandenbrink’s research will test ways to control spores, maintain safety, and measure nutrition and yield under space-like conditions.
NASA has been considering fungi for more than food. Previous projects have investigated using mushrooms to build structures, known as “mycotecture.” By mixing fungal strains with lunar dust, researchers hope to grow durable materials for space habitats. Other NASA-backed experiments, such as FOODiQ, have already monitored oyster mushroom growth in orbit.
Vandenbrink, who holds a PhD in genetics from Clemson University, has published widely on how plants respond to light and gravity. He has already contributed to three spaceflight experiments involving plant biology and now aims to design systems that recycle resources during deep space missions.
Leaders at Louisiana Tech say the project matches the university’s focus on hands-on science. Dean Gary Kennedy called it a practical approach to solving problems in space life support, while Jamie Newman, head of the School of Biological Sciences, noted that students gain experience working on challenges faced by future space crews.
NASA’s long-term plans include creating self-sustaining systems that recycle air, water, and food. If fungi can provide reliable nutrition while reducing supply needs, they could play a key role in supporting astronauts on missions to Mars and beyond.
August 30, 2025
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Mars’ Mantle Holds Ancient Debris From Violent Impacts, InSight Data Reveals

New research using NASA’s InSight mission has revealed that Mars’ mantle contains leftover fragments from massive collisions that shaped the planet about 4.5 billion years ago. The findings, published in Science on August 28, 2025, show that the Red Planet’s interior has preserved rocky debris from its violent past in a way Earth has not.
InSight landed on Mars in 2018 and operated until 2022. It recorded more than 1,300 marsquakes with its seismometer. Scientists studying those signals found unusual slowdowns in seismic waves that traveled deep into the mantle, a layer up to 960 miles thick beneath the crust. The waves scattered and delayed in ways that suggested the presence of dense, uneven patches within the mantle.
At first, researchers thought the changes came from the crust. But as the delays increased with depth, computer models pointed instead to lumps of rock within the mantle, some stretching up to 2.5 miles across. These chunks are believed to be remnants of ancient impacts from asteroids or protoplanets that struck young Mars, creating magma oceans where debris sank and became locked in place.
“We’ve never seen the inside of a planet in such fine detail before,” said Constantinos Charalambous of Imperial College London, lead author of the study. “The survival of these fragments shows that Mars’ mantle has changed very slowly over time, unlike Earth, where tectonics and convection erase features like this.”
The discovery suggests Mars has acted as a long-term archive of the early solar system. With no plate tectonics, the planet’s mantle retains records of catastrophic events that shaped it billions of years ago. Tom Pike, also from Imperial College and a coauthor, said the clarity of the data was unexpected, noting that what was first thought to be a crustal effect turned out to be mantle structure instead.
On Earth, mantle mixing and shifting tectonic plates erase traces of its early history. Mars, however, has remained far quieter, preserving evidence of massive impacts that shaped not only itself but also the solar system. The preserved lumps highlight the contrast between Earth’s active interior and Mars’ static one.
The findings build on InSight’s earlier mapping of the Martian interior, which outlined the structure of its crust, mantle, and core. They also point to what might be found inside other planets without plate tectonics, such as Venus and Mercury.
The InSight mission, managed by NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory with support from partners in France and Germany, ended in 2022. But its data continues to deliver discoveries, offering new ways to study planets without drilling beneath their surfaces.
Source: Seismic evidence for a highly heterogeneous martian mantle
August 29, 2025
SpaceX's Falcon-9 rocket carrying the satellite missions from Dhruva Space and Pixxel launching from Vandenberg Space Force Base, California, on August 27, 2025.
Indian Space Firms Pixxel and Dhruva Launch Satellites Abroad SpaceX Falcon 9 Rocket

Two Indian startups have taken another step into space. Bengaluru-based Pixxel and Hyderabad’s Dhruva Space launched satellites aboard SpaceX’s Falcon 9 rocket from Vandenberg Space Force Base in California on August 27, 2025. The mission, a shared flight carrying multiple international payloads, marks fresh progress for India’s private space sector.
Pixxel sent three Earth-imaging satellites, named Firefly-1, 2, and 3, into a sun-synchronous orbit at 550 kilometers. Each weighs around 50 kilograms and captures data in more than 135 color bands, far beyond the range of human vision. These satellites join three others launched earlier this year, creating a six-satellite network designed to monitor Earth daily at a resolution of five meters.
Dhruva Space, meanwhile, launched LEAP-1, its first full commercial satellite. The spacecraft carries two Australian payloads: an artificial intelligence processor from Akula Tech and a hyperspectral camera from Esper Satellites. The setup allows the satellite to process information in orbit instead of sending all data back to Earth, speeding up alerts on issues such as deforestation, crop damage, or disaster response.
Hyperspectral imaging, a key feature of both companies’ satellites, separates light into hundreds of narrow bands. This method can identify stressed crops, track oil spills, detect minerals, and monitor pollution with high accuracy. Pixxel’s satellites can scan 40 kilometers of terrain in a single pass, enabling daily observations of any point on Earth.
The Falcon 9 rocket carried out the launch as part of a rideshare program that lets smaller firms share costs. The booster, flying for the 27th time, landed successfully after liftoff. Indian firms opted for SpaceX’s service because of its flexible schedule and precise orbit placement, even though Indian launch vehicles remain an option.
Both startups are expanding rapidly. Pixxel has raised $95 million to build the first private Earth observation network from India and plans to add more satellites, nicknamed Honeybees, with real-time data processing. Dhruva Space, which has raised $15 million, is preparing further missions to showcase its technology to customers around the world.
India’s private space industry has grown quickly since the government opened the sector to non-state players. With Pixxel and Dhruva Space now putting commercial satellites into orbit, Indian companies are positioning themselves as global competitors in Earth observation and satellite services.
August 28, 2025
A SpaceX Starship-Super Heavy rocket flight 10 launching from Starbase, Texas, on Aug. 26, 2025.
SpaceX’s Starship Completes First Fully Successful Test Flight in Years

SpaceX achieved a milestone on Tuesday evening as its Starship rocket completed its 10th flight test with a successful launch from South Texas, marking the first time the system carried out all major mission goals without failure. The August 26 launch from Starbase came at 6:30 p.m. local time, following two days of delays caused by technical checks and stormy weather.
The two-stage rocket, the largest ever built, lifted off with 33 methane-fueled Raptor engines on its Super Heavy booster. Engineers had struggled with leaks, fires, and engine damage in earlier attempts, but the latest flight showed those problems had been addressed with new shielding and better fuel management.
In this test, Booster 16 and Ship 37 were loaded with more than 10 million pounds of propellant, producing over twice the thrust of NASA’s Saturn V, which carried astronauts to the Moon. After a clean separation, the Super Heavy booster carried out a controlled descent and splashed down in the Gulf of Mexico. It was the first time the company completed the recovery phase without a loss of vehicle.
SpaceX’s Starship rocket at Starbase, Texas, at sunset on Monday, Aug. 25, 2025. Image credit: SpaceX
The upper stage, Ship 37, continued on a suborbital flight path and released eight mock Starlink satellites to simulate cargo deployment. The vehicle then tested reentry procedures, reaching heating levels of about 1,400 degrees Celsius. Surviving this trial is essential for future missions that will return from orbit or beyond.
Starship’s test campaign has been troubled since Flight 7, when vibrations damaged engines and triggered explosions. Investigators traced the failures to leaks and fires in the aft section. Engineers responded with hardware upgrades that were put to the test in this tenth flight.
The launch has also generated excitement on social media. On X, one user wrote, “Incredible! Beautiful! Successful.” “Sorry, but what a beautiful launch, amazing vapor cones, booster sep and boost back complete, and Starship flying nominally. Just awesome. This is the only way to ensure the survival of life as we know it.” Another user expressed.
The rocket’s development is central to NASA’s Artemis program, which plans to use a modified Starship as a lunar lander. SpaceX says the vehicle’s full reuse could reduce launch costs from millions to just thousands of dollars per ton, a change that could reshape how cargo and people are sent to space.
Looking ahead, SpaceX intends to test booster catches using the launch tower’s mechanical arms, called ‘Mechazilla,’ a move that would cut recovery times. Data from this flight will also guide the design of future “Block 2” Starship models, expected to feature stronger structures and more reliable systems.
With Flight 10 completed, the company showed it is moving closer to making Starship operational. For the first time, the rocket demonstrated the ability to launch, separate, land, and carry a payload in one mission, laying the groundwork for more ambitious goals, including missions to the Moon and eventually Mars.
August 27, 2025
Artist's Concept of Tiangong Space Station.
China’s Tiangong Space Station Deploys Wukong AI to Assist Astronauts in Orbit

China has introduced a new AI assistant on board its Tiangong space station, giving astronauts a digital companion to support daily work and long missions, reported Xinhua News Agency. The system, named Wukong after the Monkey King from Chinese folklore, arrived in mid-July 2025 aboard the Tianzhou-9 cargo craft and has been helping the three-person crew ever since.
Tiangong, which was fully assembled in 2022, circles Earth at an altitude of about 400 kilometers. Astronauts typically stay for six months at a time, carrying out scientific research while maintaining the station. With Wukong now active, crews can turn to an onboard system built to speed up routine tasks, reduce mistakes, and provide conversation during months of isolation.
The AI works through a chat window where astronauts ask questions about schedules, repairs, or equipment. It can list step-by-step instructions, highlight safety checks, and prepare timelines.
During a recent six-hour spacewalk, the crew used Wukong to organize their plan for replacing debris shields and inspecting exterior panels. Astronauts say this cut preparation time and lowered the risk of error.
Beyond logistics, Wukong also offers light conversation to ease stress and monotony during long stays in orbit. It can connect with ground teams when required, giving astronauts an additional layer of support.
The system runs on two linked parts: one installed on the station for fast responses and another on Earth for more detailed analysis. This hybrid setup helps it operate in an environment where power is limited and internet access is not available.
Wukong was developed using Chinese AI technology and trained on aerospace data, including flight records, maintenance guides, and environmental models. Unlike tools that depend on constant updates from Earth, it adapts to each mission’s needs and remains functional with limited outside input.
China sees this project as part of its push to improve astronaut safety and efficiency. Human fatigue is one of the biggest risks in spaceflight, and officials say Wukong is the first large AI model tested in orbit specifically to support crews. The International Space Station (ISS) has trialed AI in research settings, but Wukong is aimed directly at daily astronaut tasks, from planning to communication.
So far, astronauts have reported positive results, especially when preparing their new generation of space suits that arrived with the Tianzhou-9 cargo ship. China has broader plans for Tiangong, including adding new modules and training for future missions to the Moon.
Engineers believe Wukong could eventually assist in building lunar bases or managing long flights beyond Earth orbit. For now, it is focused on life aboard Tiangong, where its first month of service has shown that artificial intelligence can already function as a working partner in space.
August 23, 2025